Global AI Governance Law and Policy: Japan

This article is part of a series on global AI governance law and policy.

Japan's approach to an artificial intelligence policy is both unique and strategically nuanced. While firmly committed to the shared democratic values upheld by jurisdictions like the U.S. and Europe, Japan has pursued mutual respect and interoperability grounded in a recognition of diverse global values.

While the policy framework might initially suggest prudence, its substance is decidedly proactive and firm. It reflects a deliberate, strategic orientation toward becoming "the most AI-friendly country in the world" — a compelling vision this article will explore in depth, tracing its historical development.

Japan has consistently positioned itself as a global leader in promoting the practical application of AI. This initiative formally began in 2016 with the government's introduction of "Society 5.0" within its Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan. Society 5.0 envisions a future that achieves concurrent economic advancement and the resolution of critical social challenges through a deep integration of cyber and physical spaces.

At its core, the concept aims to create a human-centered society where big data, leveraged by AI, delivers tailored information to individuals. Robotics also play a key role by addressing pressing issues like labor shortages, regional depopulation, and demographic aging. Ultimately, this vision seeks to foster a society where people of all generations can live with mutual respect and dignity.